The Seven Attributes of Jesus (Christology 1)

Big Idea: Jesus Christ is not just a chapter in the story of God; He is the Author, the Hero, and the Ending. When we see Jesus for who He truly is, every other priority in our lives finds its proper place.

Today we begin a nine-week journey through the Book of Hebrews, a letter written to magnify the greatness of Jesus Christ. Hebrews isn’t primarily about religious rules, moral improvement, or spiritual techniques. It’s about Jesus—who He is and what He has done. Everything else flows from that foundation.

The original audience was likely Jewish Christians living under Roman rule, facing intense persecution. As pressure mounted, many were tempted to abandon their faith in Jesus and return to the familiarity and safety of traditional Judaism. Hebrews speaks directly into that tension with one clear message: Jesus is greater than anyone or anything that came before Him. To walk away from Him would be to walk away from the fulfillment of all God’s promises.

The author of Hebrews remains anonymous, one of the great mysteries of the New Testament. While Paul may have influenced it, the writing style is far more polished and rhetorically sophisticated than Paul’s letters. Hebrews chapter 1 proves this immediately. Verses 1–4 form a single, majestic sentence in the original Greek—an exordium, designed to grab attention with both beauty and weight.

Hebrews 1:1–4 (NLT) sets the stage:

“Long ago God spoke many times and in many ways to our ancestors through the prophets. And now in these final days, he has spoken to us through his Son…”

In the Old Testament, God spoke in fragments—a dream here, a burning bush there, a prophet’s warning along the way. But in Jesus, God didn’t just send messages; He sent the Message. This is Christology—the study of the person and work of Jesus Christ—and Hebrews wastes no time getting to the point.

In verses 2–3, the author unleashes a rapid-fire description of Jesus using seven distinct attributes. In Scripture, the number seven represents completeness and perfection. Together, these form a full portrait of the Son.

Jesus is the Heir—the goal of history. God has promised everything to Him as an inheritance. History is not random; it is moving toward the coronation of King Jesus. He is the “why” behind all creation.

Jesus is the Creator—the architect of reality. Through Him, God made the universe. Jesus is not a created being; He is the source of all things. Nothing exists apart from His will.

Jesus is the Radiance—the shining glory of God. He doesn’t merely reflect God’s glory like the moon reflects sunlight; He radiates it. The Son is the visible manifestation of the invisible God—“Light from Light.”

Jesus is the Expression—the exact imprint of God’s nature. The Greek word charaktēr refers to a stamp or seal. Jesus doesn’t resemble God; He perfectly represents Him. To see Jesus is to see God.

Jesus is the Sustainer—the glue of the cosmos. He holds everything together by the power of His word. The universe doesn’t persist on autopilot; it endures because Jesus commands it to.

Jesus is the Savior—the cleanser of sin. When He purified us from our sins, the work was finished. Unlike Old Testament priests who never sat down, Jesus completed the work once for all.

Finally, Jesus is the Ruler—the seated King. He sat down at the right hand of the Majesty in heaven, a position of total authority. The victory is won.

Hebrews 1:4 reminds us that Jesus is far greater than angels, traditions, or anything else we might be tempted to trust. For believers facing hardship, this truth re-centers everything.

The message of Hebrews is clear: It’s all about Jesus. When we see Him rightly, everything else falls into place.

Icebreaker: “Nickname Challenge” (5–10 minutes)
Have students share a nickname they’ve been given (or one they wish they had). Ask:

• Who gave it to you?

• What does it say about you?

Explain: “Today we’re going to look at seven ‘nicknames’ the Bible gives Jesus—and what they tell us about who He really is.”

1. Intro
Today we’re starting a series in Hebrews, a book all about Jesus. The main idea is simple: Jesus is greater than anything else. When life gets hard, remembering who Jesus is helps us stay strong.

Read: Hebrews 1:1–2

Discuss:

• How did God speak to people in the past?

• How does He speak to us now?

2. Jesus the Creator and Heir
Jesus made everything, and everything belongs to Him. History isn’t random—it’s moving toward Jesus.

Read: Hebrews 1:2, Colossians 1:16

Discuss:

• What does it mean that everything was made for Jesus?

• How does that give purpose to your life?

Takeaway: Jesus is the reason everything exists—including you.

3. Jesus the Revealer of God
Jesus shows us exactly what God is like. If you want to know God, look at Jesus.

Read: Hebrews 1:3

Discuss:

• Why is it helpful that God became visible in Jesus?

• What do you learn about God from Jesus’ life?

Takeaway: Jesus makes God known in a way we can understand.

4. Jesus the Sustainer and Savior
Jesus holds the universe together and also took care of our biggest problem—sin.

Read: Hebrews 1:3

Discuss:

• What worries do you need Jesus to “hold together” for you?

• Why is it important that Jesus finished the work of saving us?

Takeaway: Jesus is strong enough to hold your life and loving enough to save you.

5. Outro
Jesus isn’t stressed or unsure—He reigns as King. Hebrews reminds us that when life feels shaky, Jesus is still in control.

Closing Thought
When you know who Jesus really is, you don’t have to look for something else to save you.

This week, when you feel overwhelmed, remind yourself: Jesus is greater. Say a short prayer asking Him to help you trust Him more.

WHY DID JESUS HAVE TO BECOME HUMAN? (CHRISTOLOGY 2)

Last week, we began our journey through Hebrews by focusing on Christ’s divine nature. In just four verses, we saw that Jesus is the agent, purpose, sustainer, and ruler of creation. He is fully God—uncreated, eternal, and the exact expression of God’s nature. That was a lot of theology packed into a small space.

Today we slow down and move to Christology part two: Jesus’ human nature. This raises a crucial question for Christians then and now: Why did Jesus have to become human?

The theological term for this is the incarnation—the central Christian belief that the eternal Son of God took on human nature in the person of Jesus Christ. Importantly, Jesus did not stop being God when He came to earth. He retained His divine nature and added a fully human nature. This means Jesus is one person with two distinct natures: fully God and fully man. No other being in the universe exists like this.

While on earth, Jesus didn’t “turn off” His divine power. Instead, He chose not to exercise His divine attributes independently. He lived in complete dependence on the Holy Spirit. The early church called this mystery the hypostatic union. It’s deep theology, but the book of Hebrews doesn’t present it as abstract theory. It presents it as good news.

Let’s slow down and read our passage for the day:

Hebrews 2:14–18 (NLT)
Because God’s children are human beings—made of flesh and blood—the Son also became flesh and blood. For only as a human being could he die, and only by dying could he break the power of the devil, who had the power of death. Only in this way could he set free all who have lived their lives as slaves to the fear of dying…

From this passage, Hebrews gives us seven reasons Jesus had to become human.

First, Jesus became human because we are human. Since God’s children are flesh and blood, the Son also became flesh and blood. Only a human could represent the human race before God. To save humanity, the Savior had to belong to humanity. In God’s courtroom of justice, Jesus stands as our representative—one who truly understands our condition.

Second, Jesus became human so He could die. Death is the penalty for sin, established by God from the beginning. This is the great paradox of the gospel: the Author of life became mortal. If Jesus had remained only divine, He could not have died—and if He could not die, we could not overcome death. Hebrews later reminds us that without the shedding of blood, there is no forgiveness of sins.

Third, Jesus became human so He could break the power of the devil. Hebrews says that through death, Jesus destroyed the one who had the power of death. Satan once held the authority to accuse humanity and hold eternal separation over our heads. Notice the tense—had the power of death. Through the cross, that authority was broken.

Fourth, Jesus became human to set us free from the fear of death. Death is still inevitable, but it no longer has the final word. In the ancient world, death was a constant companion, and fear of it shaped daily life. The Christian hope of resurrection transformed everything. As Paul later declared, “O death, where is your victory?” Christians don’t have to live as slaves to fear anymore.

Fifth, Jesus became human so He could be our high priest. A priest bridges the gap between a holy God and broken people. Jesus had to be made like us in every respect to fulfill this role. He is merciful toward our weakness and faithful toward God’s holiness. Hebrews will return to this theme again and again.

Sixth, Jesus became human so He could be our sacrifice. In the Old Testament, priests offered animals. In the New Covenant, the Priest is the sacrifice. This is the ultimate power move of grace: Jesus offered Himself to take away the sins of the people.

Seventh, Jesus became human so He could help us in our testing. Hebrews was written to believers facing persecution and temptation to give up. Jesus understands. He was abandoned, tempted, grieving, and suffering. Because He endured testing Himself, He is able to help us when we are tested.

The author later sums it up beautifully: because Jesus is our great High Priest, we can come boldly to God’s throne. If Jesus had remained distant in heaven, God’s throne would be a place of terrifying judgment—a “Keep Out” sign for sinners. But because Jesus added a human nature to His divine nature, God is now approachable.

You don’t have to clean yourself up. You don’t need fancy words. You come boldly—not because you are worthy, but because Jesus is. At the throne of grace, we receive mercy, not judgment.

Why Did Jesus Become Human? (Student Edition)

Instructions
Take turns reading each section and the Bible passages out loud. Pause to discuss the questions. There are no wrong answers—just honest conversation.

Intro
Today we’re talking about one of the most important ideas in Christianity: why Jesus became human. Jesus didn’t just come to teach good lessons—He came to rescue us. Understanding this helps us trust Him more and follow Him better.

Icebreaker: “Who Can Help?”
Have students name a problem (broken phone, bad grade, sick pet). For each one, ask: Who would you go to for help—and why?
Connect it: To save humans, God sent someone who truly understands humans—Jesus.

1. Jesus Became Human Like Us
Read: Hebrews 2:14
Jesus took on flesh and blood because we are flesh and blood. He came to represent us before God.

Discuss:
● Why do you think it matters that Jesus understands what it’s like to be human?
● How does this make Jesus different from other religious leaders?

Takeaway:
Jesus understands you because He became like you.

2. Jesus Died to Defeat Death
Read: Hebrews 2:14–15
Jesus died so death wouldn’t have the final word anymore.

Discuss:
● Why are people afraid of death?
● How does Jesus change that fear?

Takeaway:
Jesus beat death so we don’t have to fear it.

3. Jesus Helps Us When Life Is Hard
Read: Hebrews 2:18
Jesus suffered, was tempted, and felt pain—so He knows what we go through.

Discuss:
● When do you feel most tempted or stressed?
● How can Jesus help you in those moments?

Takeaway:
Jesus doesn’t just save us—He helps us daily.

Outro
Because Jesus became human, God isn’t far away. We can talk to Him anytime and trust Him completely.

Closing Thought
Jesus understands you, loves you, and invites you to come close to God without fear.

This week, when you feel afraid or tempted, pray: “Jesus, You understand—help me trust You.”

Greater Than the G.O.A.T.

Hebrews 3:1–6

Who’s the Greatest of All Time?

In football, fans argue over quarterbacks. In basketball, it’s Jordan or LeBron. In soccer, Messi or Ronaldo. Every generation debates its heroes. Today we’re asking that same question—but for the Bible.

If you had asked a first-century Jewish believer, the answer would have been simple: Moses. He wasn’t just a leader. He was the prophet, the lawgiver, the deliverer, the mediator. If you had Moses, you had everything.

But Hebrews chapter 3 makes a bold claim: Jesus is greater.

The Pressure to Go Back

The book of Hebrews was written to Jewish Christians under intense pressure. They were facing persecution and social rejection. Following Jesus wasn’t easy. Going back to Judaism—to Moses—looked safer.

Can you relate? Sometimes faith costs something. Maybe it’s awkward conversations at work. Maybe it’s tension in your family. In those moments, the “old life” can look comfortable.

That’s why the author writes:

Hebrews 3:1–6 (NLT)
“And so, dear brothers and sisters who belong to God… think carefully about this Jesus whom we declare to be God’s messenger and High Priest… Moses was certainly faithful in God’s house as a servant… But Christ, as the Son, is in charge of God’s entire house. And we are God’s house, if we keep our courage and remain confident in our hope in Christ.”

Moses was faithful. But Jesus is greater.

Why Moses? Because to understand how great Jesus is, you have to understand how great Moses was.

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1. The Prophet: The Mouthpiece vs. The Message

Moses was the great prophet of Israel—Moshe Rabbenu, “Moses our Teacher.” When God spoke, Moses delivered the mail.

At the burning bush, God said:

Exodus 3:10 (NLT)
“Now go, for I am sending you to Pharaoh. You must lead my people Israel out of Egypt.”

Moses went up the mountain and came down with God’s words. He was the mediator. The messenger.

But Hebrews tells us something bigger.

Hebrews 1:1–2 (NLT)
“Long ago God spoke many times and in many ways to our ancestors through the prophets. And now in these final days, he has spoken to us through his Son.”

Moses delivered a message. Jesus is the message.

Moses told us what God said. Jesus showed us who God is. The difference isn’t subtle—it’s seismic.

2. The Architect: The Snapshot vs. The Whole Picture

Moses didn’t just speak for God. He shaped a nation.

At Sinai, he brought down the Ten Commandments. In a world ruled by tyrants, this was revolutionary. Authority answered to a higher authority. Justice wasn’t based on mood; it was rooted in God’s character.

Even the Sabbath command was radical:

“Six days you shall labor… but the seventh day is a sabbath.”

In a world of slavery and subsistence farming, rest was unheard of. God declared that human worth wasn’t measured by productivity.

But even this was just a snapshot.

Fifteen hundred years later, Jesus revealed the whole picture:

Matthew 22:37–40 (NLT)
“‘You must love the LORD your God with all your heart, all your soul, and all your mind.’… ‘Love your neighbor as yourself.’ The entire law and all the demands of the prophets are based on these two commandments.”

Moses gave structure. Jesus gave fulfillment.

The law was never the final word—it was the frame around a greater portrait. Jesus didn’t abolish the law; He completed it.

3. The Servant: The Old House vs. The New House

Hebrews 3:5 says:

“Moses was certainly faithful in God’s house as a servant. His work was an illustration of the truths God would reveal later.”

An illustration. A preview. A shadow.

For centuries, God worked primarily through Israel. Kings like David. Prophets like Elijah and Isaiah. All servants in the house.

But the house wasn’t the destination—it was the conduit.

Even the Law hinted at something bigger:

Numbers 15:15 (NLT)
“Native-born Israelites and foreigners are equal before the LORD and are subject to the same decrees.”

Foreigners? Equal?

It was there all along.

Then comes the mic drop:

“But Christ, as the Son, is in charge of God’s entire house. And we are God’s house…”

Not just Israel. Jews and Gentiles. Insiders and outsiders. The offer of salvation goes out to all.

Moses served in the house. Jesus rules over it. And through Christ, we become it.

The Testimony of Moses

If you asked Moses, “Are you the one we should follow?” he would point beyond himself.

Jesus said:

John 5:46 (NLT)
“If you really believed Moses, you would believe me, because he wrote about me.”

That’s the point of Hebrews 3.

Moses was great. Faithful. Foundational. But his entire ministry was an illustration of what God would reveal later.

Jesus is greater than the prophet because He is the Word made flesh.
Greater than the architect because He fulfills the law.
Greater than the servant because He is the Son.

And if you belong to Him, you are part of His house.

So when the pressure comes—when faith feels costly—remember this:

Don’t retreat to the shadow when you have the substance.
Don’t go back to the servant when you have the Son.
Don’t settle for the snapshot when you’ve seen the whole picture.

Jesus is greater than the G.O.A.T.

1. Intro: Who’s the GOAT?

If you had to pick the Greatest of All Time in sports, who would you choose? Everyone has an opinion.

Back in Bible times, if you asked a Jewish person who the greatest leader ever was, they would say “Moses.” He led Israel out of slavery, gave them God’s law, and spoke directly with God.

But Hebrews 3 says Jesus is greater than Moses. Today we’re going to see why.

Read: Hebrews 3:1–6

Discuss:
● Why do you think Moses was such a big deal?
● Why would it be hard for people to accept that Jesus is greater?

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Icebreaker (5–10 Minutes): “GOAT Debate”

Split into small groups. Each group picks a category (sports, music, movies, video games).

You have 3 minutes to prepare your argument for who the GOAT is in that category. Then present your case!

After everyone shares, say: “We all argue about GOATs—but today we’re talking about why Jesus is greater than even the greatest Bible hero.”

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2. The Prophet: Messenger vs. Message

Read: Exodus 3:10 and Hebrews 1:1–2

Moses delivered messages from God. He was like a mail carrier bringing God’s words to the people.

But Jesus didn’t just bring a message—He is the message. When you see Jesus, you see what God is like.

Discuss:
● What’s the difference between delivering a message and being the message?
● How does Jesus show us what God is like?

Takeaway:
Moses spoke for God. Jesus reveals God.

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3. The Law: Snapshot vs. Big Picture

Read: Matthew 22:37–40

Moses gave the Ten Commandments. They shaped Israel’s whole society.

But Jesus showed the heart behind the law: Love God. Love people. Everything else flows from that.

Discuss:
● Why is love the foundation of all the commandments?
● What would change in your life if you focused on loving God and others first?

Takeaway:
The rules matter—but love is the reason behind them.

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4. The House: Servant vs. Son

Read: Hebrews 3:5–6

Moses served in God’s house. Jesus is in charge of God’s house. And here’s the crazy part: we are that house when we trust Him.

Discuss:
● What does it mean that we are “God’s house”?
● How should that affect how we live?

Takeaway:
Jesus isn’t just a great leader—He’s the Son. And we belong to Him.

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Outro

Jesus said in John 5:46 that Moses wrote about Him. That means the whole Old Testament was pointing forward to Jesus all along.

Moses was great. Jesus is greater.

Closing Thought:
Don’t settle for a hero when you can follow the Savior.

This week, when you read something from the Old Testament, ask yourself: “How does this point to Jesus?” Write down one example and share it next time.

Soul Surgery: When God’s Word Cuts to Heal

Text: Hebrews 4:12–13 (NLT)
Big Idea: God’s Word isn’t just a book to be read; it’s a scalpel used by the Great Physician to heal us from the inside out.

About fifteen years ago, I went under the knife for an appendectomy. Surgery is never something you look forward to. You surrender control. You trust someone else to cut you open. It sounds terrifying—until you remember the goal isn’t harm, but healing.

Hebrews 4:12–13 shows us a different kind of surgery—soul surgery. The author writes:

Hebrews 4:12 (NLT)
“For the word of God is alive and powerful. It is sharper than the sharpest two-edged sword, cutting between soul and spirit, between joint and marrow. It exposes our innermost thoughts and desires.”

Hebrews 4:13 (NLT)
“Nothing in all creation is hidden from God. Everything is naked and exposed before his eyes, and he is the one to whom we are accountable.”

This passage is both comforting and confronting. Comforting because God is active. Confronting because nothing in us is hidden.

The Living Word (Logos)

The Greek word translated “word” is logos. Long before the New Testament, Greek philosophers used logos to describe the logic or ordering principle behind the universe. It explained why the world wasn’t chaos but a structured system. Jewish philosopher Philo of Alexandria later used the term to bridge Greek thought and Hebrew Scripture, describing the logos as the “mind” of God expressed in creation.

But the New Testament goes further. The logos isn’t just a principle—it’s a person.

John 1:1 (NLT)
“In the beginning the Word already existed. The Word was with God, and the Word was God.”

The Word is Jesus. When Hebrews says God’s Word is “alive and powerful,” it isn’t describing ink on a page. It’s describing the living Christ speaking through Scripture. God is not silent. He is active in our lives right now.

And that matters, especially when we feel abandoned or disappointed. Hebrews was written to believers tempted to drift away. The reminder? God is still speaking. His Word is still working.

The Sharp Instrument (Machaira)

Hebrews says the Word is “sharper than the sharpest two-edged sword.” The Greek term machaira refers not to a long battlefield sword but a short dagger used in close combat. Its strength was precision.

Picture not a broadsword swinging wildly, but a scalpel in a surgeon’s hand.

The Word of God “cuts between soul and spirit, between joint and marrow.” This isn’t about splitting human anatomy into categories. It’s about penetration. God’s Word reaches the deepest parts of us—the hidden motives, secret intentions, unspoken loyalties.

In Acts 2, Peter preached the gospel, and the result was immediate:

Acts 2:37 (NLT)
“Peter’s words pierced their hearts, and they said to him and to the other apostles, ‘Brothers, what should we do?’”

That’s soul surgery. The Word cuts—not to condemn—but to convict. It exposes who we really are, rather than who we pretend to be. It gives us an objective standard, so we stop comparing ourselves to other sinners and start responding to a holy God.

Laid Bare (Trachēlizō)

Verse 13 intensifies the image. “Everything is naked and exposed before his eyes.” The Greek word translated “exposed” means to lay bare the neck. It was used of bending back the neck of a sacrificial animal—or of a wrestler forcing his opponent into submission.

The image is sobering. We can’t hide. We can’t bluff. We can’t spin our motives. Before God, we are fully seen.

But this exposure has a purpose. Hebrews isn’t about public humiliation; it’s about revealing our true allegiance. Will we harden our hearts? Or will we trust and obey?

The prophet Isaiah reminds us:

Isaiah 55:11 (NLT)
“It is the same with my word. I send it out, and it always produces fruit. It will accomplish all I want it to, and it will prosper everywhere I send it.”

God’s Word always accomplishes something. It never returns empty. When it cuts, it cuts with intention.

Why the Surgery?

Why would God expose us like this? Why lay bare our necks and operate on our souls?

Because untreated sin is deadly.

Just as my appendix had to be removed to save my life, pride, unbelief, bitterness, and hidden rebellion must be addressed in ours. The Great Physician doesn’t cut casually. He cuts carefully. And though the process may hurt, it heals from the inside out.

For believers, this means inviting God’s Word to examine us daily. Let it convict. Let it correct. Let it produce fruit.

For seekers, maybe you feel “cut to the heart.” That’s not coincidence. That’s invitation. The same Word that exposes also saves. Jesus—the living Logos—went under the knife of judgment for us on the cross. Because he was pierced, we can be healed.

Soul surgery sounds scary. But in the hands of a loving Savior, it’s the very thing that brings life.

Icebreaker: “Heart Check Challenge” (5–10 minutes)

Setup:
Give each student a small piece of paper and a pen.

Step 1 – The Outside:
Ask students to write 3 words on one side of the paper that describe how people usually see them (examples: funny, athletic, quiet, smart, confident, etc.).

Step 2 – The Inside:
On the other side (tell them to fold it so no one can see), ask them to write 1 thing they struggle with on the inside (fear, jealousy, anger, insecurity, pressure, temptation, etc.). They do NOT have to share this part.

Discussion Questions:

• Was it easier to write the outside or the inside? Why?

• Why do we work harder on how we look to others than what’s going on inside?

• Which one do you think God cares about more?

Connect It:
“Today we’re talking about something called soul surgery. Hebrews says God’s Word cuts deep — not to embarrass us, but to heal what’s going on inside. He’s not just interested in the ‘outside version’ of you. He wants to transform your heart.”

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1. God’s Word Is Alive

Read: Hebrews 4:12

The Bible isn’t just an old book full of rules. It says God’s Word is alive and powerful. That means when we read it, God is actually speaking to us. It can challenge us, encourage us, and change us.

Discuss:

• Have you ever read a Bible verse that really hit you personally?

• Why do you think the Bible feels different from other books?

Takeaway:
God’s Word isn’t dead ink on paper. It’s God speaking to your heart today.

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2. The Scalpel That Cuts Deep

Read: Hebrews 4:12 again

The verse says God’s Word is sharper than a sword. Think of it like a surgeon’s scalpel. It cuts deep—not to hurt us, but to heal us. It shows us our real thoughts and motives.

Discuss:

• Why is it hard when someone points out something wrong in us?

• What’s the difference between conviction and condemnation?

Takeaway:
God cuts to heal, not to shame.

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3. Fully Known by God

Read: Hebrews 4:13

Nothing is hidden from God. That can sound scary. But it also means we don’t have to pretend with him. He already knows everything—and he still loves us.

Discuss:

• Why do we sometimes pretend everything is fine?

• How does it change things to know God sees it all anyway?

Takeaway:
You can’t hide from God—but you also don’t have to.

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4. The Goal: Healing Through Jesus

Read: Isaiah 55:11

God’s Word always accomplishes something. When it convicts us, it’s inviting us to change. And Jesus makes that change possible. He took the punishment for our sin so we could be forgiven and healed.

Discuss:

• Have you ever felt “cut to the heart” about something?

• What would it look like to respond instead of ignore it?

Takeaway:
When God shows you something that needs to change, it’s an invitation to grow.

God doesn’t perform soul surgery to embarrass you. He does it because he loves you. Real growth sometimes hurts—but it always leads to something better.

Closing Thought:
The same Word that cuts is the Word that heals.

This week, when you read the Bible, pray this first:
“God, show me what needs to change—and help me trust You.”

Then act on what he shows you.