Attachment Theory
Attachment theory is one of the most studied and trusted frameworks in relational psychology. It was developed by John Bowlby and expanded by Mary Ainsworth.
At its core, it explains how the earliest bonds we form with our caregivers shape the way we understand love and connection later in life.
As children, the consistency—or inconsistency—of a caregiver’s attention and responsiveness teaches us how to view ourselves and others. Those early impressions don’t disappear; they resurface in adulthood, often getting triggered in the context of our romantic relationships.
Attachment Types
Secure
A secure attachment means you can trust that the people you love will be there for you. It forms when, as a child, your caregiver consistently responded to your needs with care and reliability.
That steady presence builds confidence that you are worthy of love and that others can be trusted.
As an adult, secure attachment shows up as the ability to build healthy, balanced relationships—where closeness feels safe, independence isn’t threatening, and conflict doesn’t shake the foundation of trust.
Anxious Attachment
Anxious attachment develops when love feels uncertain or inconsistent.
As children, those with anxious attachment often had caregivers who were sometimes responsive and other times distracted or unavailable.
This unpredictability creates confusion and insecurity about whether their needs will be met.
As adults, people with an anxious attachment style tend to crave closeness but fear abandonment, which can lead to clinginess, overanalyzing, or difficulty trusting their partner’s commitment.
Avoidant Attachment
Avoidant attachment develops when closeness feels unsafe or unnecessary.
As children, those with this style often had caregivers who were emotionally distant, neglectful, or dismissive of their needs.
To cope, they learned to rely on themselves and minimize their need for comfort or support.
As adults, people with avoidant attachment tend to value independence so highly that intimacy can feel uncomfortable or even threatening.
They may pull away when relationships get too close, struggle to express emotions, or downplay the importance of love altogether.
The Attachment Alarm
When your partner feels distant or inconsistent, your “attachment system” goes off.
This is the brain’s way of monitoring whether you are safe and secure in the relationship.
Anxious attachments are particularly sensitive to this.
Once activated, the anxious will engage in protest behaviors—doing whatever it takes to feel safe again (calling, what’s wrong, imagination runs wild).
If an avoidant, you will likely push away and might think your spouse is overreacting and can be uncompromising.
Can You Change Your Attachment Style?
Yes. Attachment styles aren’t set in stone.
Research shows that when your need for intimacy is consistently met and reciprocated by your partner, your satisfaction rises, and you can move toward security.
A secure relationship provides the stability that allows both partners to grow in trust and intimacy.
It requires selflessness, introspection and teachability.
Scripture References
Ephesians 5:25-26
“For husbands, this means love your wives, just as Christ loved the church. He gave up his life for her to make her holy and clean, washed by the cleansing of God’s word.”
1 Corinthians 13:4-5
“Love is patient and kind. Love is not jealous or boastful or proud or rude. It does not demand its own way. It is not irritable, and it keeps no record of being wronged.”
